The coffee tree, scientifically known as Coffea, is a shrub or small tree that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Here's a general description of the coffee tree:
Size and Shape:
The coffee plant is generally a perennial shrub that can grow between 6 to 15 feet (2 to 4.5 meters) tall when cultivated commercially, but in its natural habitat, it can reach up to 30 feet (9 meters) in height.
It has a bushy shape with multiple branches and a dense structure.
Leaves:
The leaves are dark green, glossy, and oval or elliptical in shape.
They are opposite and can measure between 3 to 6 inches (7 to 15 cm) long.
The leaves are smooth with a leathery texture.
Flowers:
Coffee flowers are small, white, fragrant, and grow in clusters in the leaf axils.
They have a jasmine-like appearance and typically bloom in response to rain.
Fruits (Coffee Cherries):
The fruits are known as coffee cherries, and they ripen from green to bright red or purple, depending on the species.
Each cherry contains two seeds (coffee beans), although some may contain only one seed (known as peaberries).
Climate and Cultivation:
The coffee plant prefers tropical climates with temperatures between 60-70°F (15-24°C) and needs partial shade to avoid direct sun damage.
It grows best at altitudes between 2,000 and 6,000 feet (600-1,800 meters), depending on the species.
Requires well-drained, slightly acidic soils that are rich in organic matter.
Uses:
Primarily grown for its beans, which are roasted and ground to produce coffee, one of the most popular beverages in the world.
It is also used ornamentally due to its attractive foliage and fragrant flowers.
The coffee tree is valuable not only for its bean production but also for its beauty and ecological importance in tropical ecosystems.
